q906

R-ORD GOLD-ONLY arbitrary-cut not-a-function-of-the-data

formula_1 · mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json

The question

Which was Lewis Hamilton first race? What was his points recorded for his first race event?

the hint the set supplies: first race refers to min(Year); Lewis Hamiltonrefers to the full name of the driver; Full name of the driver refers to drivers.forename and drivers.surname;

This question was audited without a prediction beside it, so there is nothing to compare the gold with. The probes below read the gold alone.

The statements

gold

SELECT T1.name, T2.points FROM races AS T1 INNER JOIN driverStandings AS T2 ON T2.raceId = T1.raceId INNER JOIN drivers AS T3 ON T3.driverId = T2.driverId WHERE T3.forename = 'Lewis' AND T3.surname = 'Hamilton' ORDER BY T1.year ASC NULLS FIRST LIMIT 1
t1.year
ascending

sha256:4577fa493369f0f7eeb7d2d57f0d9acee2fed9102d56da3f4b6a513b340b2a97

The results

gold, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

nametext pointsfloat4
Malaysian Grand Prix 14

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column

what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column",
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "t1.year",
      "column": "races.year",
      "declared_type": "bigint",
      "not_applicable": "the column is not declared as text"
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut fired

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

from smells.json, 10 rows

Malaysian Grand Prix 14 2007
Bahrain Grand Prix 22 2007
Spanish Grand Prix 30 2007
Monaco Grand Prix 38 2007
Canadian Grand Prix 48 2007
United States Grand Prix 58 2007
French Grand Prix 64 2007
British Grand Prix 70 2007
European Grand Prix 70 2007
Hungarian Grand Prix 80 2007
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT t1.name, t2.points, t1.year AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM races t1 JOIN driverstandings t2 ON t2.raceid = t1.raceid JOIN drivers t3 ON t3.driverid = t2.driverid WHERE t3.forename = 'Lewis' AND t3.surname = 'Hamilton' ORDER BY t1.year ASC NULLS FIRST",
  "unbounded_rows": 191,
  "projected_columns": [
    "name",
    "points"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "t1.year",
      "direction": "asc",
      "nulls": "first",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": true,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "tied_at_the_cut": {
    "positions": [
      0,
      1,
      2,
      3,
      4,
      5,
      6,
      7,
      8,
      9
    ],
    "tied_rows": 16,
    "distinct_projected_answers": 16,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Malaysian Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "14"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Bahrain Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "22"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Spanish Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "30"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Monaco Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "38"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Canadian Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "48"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "United States Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "58"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "French Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "64"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "British Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "70"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "European Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "70"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Hungarian Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "80"
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "case": "tie-at-the-cut"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data fired

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

from smells.json, 1 row

Canadian Grand Prix 48
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:4577fa493369f0f7eeb7d2d57f0d9acee2fed9102d56da3f4b6a513b340b2a97",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "name",
        "declared_type": "text"
      },
      {
        "name": "points",
        "declared_type": "float4"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Malaysian Grand Prix"
        },
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "14"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:4577fa493369f0f7eeb7d2d57f0d9acee2fed9102d56da3f4b6a513b340b2a97"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {
    "drivers": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": null,
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 840
    },
    "races": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": null,
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 954
    },
    "driverstandings": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": null,
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 31578
    }
  },
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "drivers",
      "races",
      "driverstandings"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "laptimes": 400524,
      "legalities": 427907,
      "posthistory": 303155,
      "trans": 1056320,
      "yearmonth": 383282
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "not_equal",
    "differs": true,
    "result_hash": "sha256:facae82180458724b3020e23a448bd37e2a9784369903f1207d263d835778602",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "name",
          "declared_type": "text"
        },
        {
          "name": "points",
          "declared_type": "float4"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "str",
            "value": "Canadian Grand Prix"
          },
          {
            "type": "dec",
            "value": "48"
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:facae82180458724b3020e23a448bd37e2a9784369903f1207d263d835778602"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT T1.name, T2.points FROM races AS T1 INNER JOIN driverStandings AS T2 ON T2.raceId = T1.raceId INNER JOIN drivers AS T3 ON T3.driverId = T2.driverId WHERE T3.forename = 'Lewis' AND T3.surname = 'Hamilton' ORDER BY T1.year ASC NULLS FIRST LIMIT 1
statement read from
data/questions/mini_dev_postgresql.json
digest
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
origin
https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:4577fa493369f0f7eeb7d2d57f0d9acee2fed9102d56da3f4b6a513b340b2a97 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:fb273444b16cb8b92aa8f4ddb2418afe87fb5715a679691044437fe39894c881 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

nametext pointsfloat4
Malaysian Grand Prix 14
what ran, and where
run
audit-adbef1a5-9f41-4a8f-ac55-8c3d8df71394
executed at
2026-09-08T05:19:12.179271+00:00
data as of
2026-09-08T05:18:53.188261+00:00
backend at checkout
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role
auditor
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator
audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
30000 ms
rows
1 row
the session it ran under
engine
postgresql
time_zone
Etc/UTC
date_style
ISO, MDY
interval_style
postgres
extra_float_digits
1
database_collation
en_US.utf8
work_mem
4096
hash_mem_multiplier
2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout
0
search_path
"$user", public
server_version
16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num
160015
transaction_read_only
on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather
2
server_encoding
UTF8
datlocprovider
c
daticulocale
datcollversion
2.41
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:ed320100cd50d5f7d7a6cd4d645c075cbe802ce4563aebb681be39ef2649fec4
source file sha256
sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.drivers
840
rows in public.driverstandings
31578
rows in public.races
954

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

This question's run

run
audit-adbef1a5-9f41-4a8f-ac55-8c3d8df71394
server
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
question set
mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
replay rule
R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from