q671 GOLD-ONLY

The question

What is the display name of the user who acquired the first Autobiographer badge?

the hint the set supplies: Autobiographer is the name of the badge; acquired the first refers to MIN(Date);

This question was audited without a prediction beside it, so there is nothing to compare the gold with. The probes below read the gold alone.

The statements

gold

SELECT T1.DisplayName FROM users AS T1 INNER JOIN badges AS T2 ON T1.Id = T2.UserId WHERE T2.name = 'Autobiographer' ORDER BY T2.Date LIMIT 1

t2.date: ascending

sha256:ee5b899354aa38abbfb2efd2e0b9ff079e09e3f44a5d712fdce7903a7cc6ca0b

The results

gold, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

displaynametext
Geoff Dalgas

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column",
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "t2.date",
      "column": "badges.date",
      "declared_type": "timestamp with time zone",
      "not_applicable": "the column is not declared as text"
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut fired

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

from smells.json, 10 rows

Geoff Dalgas	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
Jarrod Dixon	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
Vince	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
csgillespie	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
Pierre	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
wahalulu	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
Jin	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
Sharpie	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
grokus	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00
Noah Snyder	2010-07-19T11:39:09+00:00

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT t1.displayname, t2.date AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM users t1 JOIN badges t2 ON t1.id = t2.userid WHERE t2.name = 'Autobiographer' ORDER BY t2.date",
  "unbounded_rows": 4480,
  "projected_columns": [
    "displayname"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "t2.date",
      "direction": "asc",
      "nulls": "default",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": false,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "tied_at_the_cut": {
    "positions": [
      0,
      1,
      2,
      3,
      4,
      5,
      6,
      7,
      8,
      9
    ],
    "tied_rows": 12,
    "distinct_projected_answers": 12,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Geoff Dalgas"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Jarrod Dixon"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Vince"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "csgillespie"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Pierre"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "wahalulu"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Jin"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Sharpie"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "grokus"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Noah Snyder"
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "case": "tie-at-the-cut"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data quiet

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:ee5b899354aa38abbfb2efd2e0b9ff079e09e3f44a5d712fdce7903a7cc6ca0b",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "displayname",
        "declared_type": "text"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Geoff Dalgas"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:ee5b899354aa38abbfb2efd2e0b9ff079e09e3f44a5d712fdce7903a7cc6ca0b"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {
    "users": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": null,
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 40325
    },
    "badges": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:12.766008+00",
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    }
  },
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "users",
      "badges"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "laptimes": 400524,
      "legalities": 427907,
      "posthistory": 303155,
      "trans": 1056320,
      "yearmonth": 383282
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "equal",
    "differs": false,
    "result_hash": "sha256:ee5b899354aa38abbfb2efd2e0b9ff079e09e3f44a5d712fdce7903a7cc6ca0b",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "displayname",
          "declared_type": "text"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "str",
            "value": "Geoff Dalgas"
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:ee5b899354aa38abbfb2efd2e0b9ff079e09e3f44a5d712fdce7903a7cc6ca0b"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT T1.DisplayName FROM users AS T1 INNER JOIN badges AS T2 ON T1.Id = T2.UserId WHERE T2.name = 'Autobiographer' ORDER BY T2.Date LIMIT 1

statement read from: data/questions/mini_dev_postgresql.json
digest: sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
origin: https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:ee5b899354aa38abbfb2efd2e0b9ff079e09e3f44a5d712fdce7903a7cc6ca0b recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:6fedc7d5564cfe97ddb7e53c0aeaa5c613a38f76fd2d4750a3d439a6f3d615d1 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

displaynametext
Geoff Dalgas

what ran, and where

run: audit-adbef1a5-9f41-4a8f-ac55-8c3d8df71394
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:19:19.056988+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:18:53.188261+00:00
backend at checkout: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role: auditor
replay rule: R-ORD
question set version: sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator: audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 30000 ms
rows: 1 row

the session it ran under

engine: postgresql
time_zone: Etc/UTC
date_style: ISO, MDY
interval_style: postgres
extra_float_digits: 1
database_collation: en_US.utf8
work_mem: 4096
hash_mem_multiplier: 2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout: 0
search_path: "$user", public
server_version: 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num: 160015
transaction_read_only: on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather: 2
server_encoding: UTF8
datlocprovider: c
daticulocale
datcollversion: 2.41

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:e71c71609a92e089175c7d19b087c1eeb5b1aefdd28229f9414c7c1b9dfdf8f7
source file sha256: sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.badges: 79851
rows in public.users: 40325

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

This question's run

run: audit-adbef1a5-9f41-4a8f-ac55-8c3d8df71394
server: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
question set: mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
replay rule: R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from

evidence-gold.json the gold's evidence record
smells.json attestql/audit/smells/2

The question

The statements

◀ gold

The results

The probes

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

arbitrary-cut fired

not-a-function-of-the-data quiet

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

recorded beside them

Running these again

gold

This question's run

The JSON this page was rendered from

gold