q879

R-ORD NOT_EQUAL ordering-over-numeric-text

questions

The question

For the driver who set the fastest lap speed, what is his nationality?

the hint the set supplies: the fastest lap speed refers to (MAX) fastestLapSpeed;

NOT_EQUAL states that these two statements disagree on this data under this rule. It does not state which of them is wrong.

The statements

gold

SELECT T1.nationality FROM drivers AS T1 INNER JOIN results AS T2 ON T2.driverId = T1.driverId ORDER BY T2.fastestLapSpeed DESC LIMIT 1
T2.fastestLapSpeed
descending, nulls last

sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd

second

SELECT T1.nationality FROM drivers AS T1 INNER JOIN results AS T2 ON T2.driverId = T1.driverId ORDER BY CAST(T2.fastestLapSpeed AS REAL) DESC LIMIT 1
CAST(T2.fastestLapSpeed AS REAL)
descending, nulls last

sha256:087054155a08b8125a54fb7239dacc2736758805fd0d93bef261dc0e8fd5c9e2

The marked tokens are where the two texts differ. Two statements that differ everywhere can return the same rows, and two that differ in one token can return other rows; the verdict above is read off the results.

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row, up to 25 shown per side

side nationalityTEXT
gold Norwegian

in the prediction, not in gold, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row, up to 25 shown per side

side nationalityTEXT
second Peruvian

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 0

set(second_rows) == set(gold_rows), REAL cells as Python float as sqlite3 returns them, so Python equality holds 1 == 1.0 == True as the benchmark's own scorer does

https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/blob/main/evaluation/evaluation_ex.py

gold_rows
1
second_rows
1
gold_distinct_rows
1
second_distinct_rows
1

the test-suite check: 0

result_eq: equal row counts and equal column counts, each row unordered as a quick rejection, then the two equal as a list when the gold text holds ORDER BY and as a multiset otherwise, under some permutation of the columns; DISTINCT is not stripped and re-executed, and the cells are SQLite's as sqlite3 returns them

ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval, exec_eval.py, result_eq, at commit 48cb78ec: https://github.com/ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval/blob/48cb78ecf7f610620206283846c76751b18a1326/exec_eval.py

order_matters
true
gold_rows
1
second_rows
1
gold_columns
1
second_columns
1

the class: other

The class states what makes these two results unequal under this rule, read off the two results and nothing else. It does not state which of the two statements is wrong.

gold_types
["TEXT"]
second_types
["TEXT"]
multiset_equal
false
set_equal
false
order_equal
false
shorter_result_is_a_prefix
false

The results

gold, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

nationalityTEXT
Norwegian
second, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

nationalityTEXT
Peruvian

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text fired

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

from smells.json, 1 row

Norwegian
what it measured
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "T2.fastestLapSpeed",
      "column": "results.fastestLapSpeed",
      "declared_type": "TEXT",
      "not_applicable": null,
      "census": {
        "rows": 7,
        "nulls": 2,
        "empty_strings": 0,
        "non_numeric": 0,
        "pattern": "^-?[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)?$"
      },
      "every_value_is_numeric": true,
      "cast_sql": "SELECT T1.nationality FROM drivers AS T1 INNER JOIN results AS T2 ON T2.driverId = T1.driverId ORDER BY CAST(T2.fastestLapSpeed AS REAL) DESC LIMIT 1",
      "verdict": "not_equal",
      "gold_result": {
        "columns": [
          {
            "name": "nationality",
            "declared_type": "TEXT"
          }
        ],
        "row_count": 1,
        "truncated": false,
        "rows_shown": 1,
        "rows": [
          [
            {
              "type": "str",
              "value": "Norwegian"
            }
          ]
        ],
        "result_hash": "sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd"
      },
      "cast_result": {
        "columns": [
          {
            "name": "nationality",
            "declared_type": "TEXT"
          }
        ],
        "row_count": 1,
        "truncated": false,
        "rows_shown": 1,
        "rows": [
          [
            {
              "type": "str",
              "value": "Peruvian"
            }
          ]
        ],
        "result_hash": "sha256:087054155a08b8125a54fb7239dacc2736758805fd0d93bef261dc0e8fd5c9e2"
      }
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut quiet

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

what it measured
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT T1.nationality, T2.fastestLapSpeed AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM drivers AS T1 INNER JOIN results AS T2 ON T2.driverId = T1.driverId ORDER BY T2.fastestLapSpeed DESC",
  "unbounded_rows": 7,
  "projected_columns": [
    "nationality"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "T2.fastestLapSpeed",
      "direction": "desc",
      "nulls": "last",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": false,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "case": null
}

not-a-function-of-the-data quiet

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

what it measured
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "nationality",
        "declared_type": "TEXT"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Norwegian"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {},
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "drivers",
      "results"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {},
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {
      "main.y": "the statement names this table's schema, and a name that states its schema is read from that schema whatever TEMP holds, so the rerun reads this table and not a copy of it"
    }
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "equal",
    "differs": false,
    "result_hash": "sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "nationality",
          "declared_type": "TEXT"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "str",
            "value": "Norwegian"
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT T1.nationality FROM drivers AS T1 INNER JOIN results AS T2 ON T2.driverId = T1.driverId ORDER BY T2.fastestLapSpeed DESC LIMIT 1
statement read from
demo/questions.json
digest
sha256:7ad58addc070b425cabfc9d67bbd9c95840253160cf3b73d672e9aeb4897f5ff
origin
the run was told none

result_hash sha256:305ac6bb3143bd1e7623e255e56e39e8fd5f6d78abeef74efeb919785a30c3dd recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:f50fbc7fb634fdf570b9e374bc9f29b45f7263ed27de160c539e01c887632b8b recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

nationalityTEXT
Norwegian
what ran, and where
run
audit-4ee0ef94-344b-4457-bc1d-674990cb5d93
executed at
2026-09-08T03:39:02.043761+00:00
data as of
2026-09-08T03:39:02.035988+00:00
backend at checkout
SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632
backend that answered
SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632
database role
file
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:7ad58addc070b425cabfc9d67bbd9c95840253160cf3b73d672e9aeb4897f5ff
validator
audit:sqlglot-sqlite-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
30000 ms
rows
1 row
the session it ran under
engine
sqlite
time_zone
not stated by this engine
date_style
not stated by this engine
interval_style
not stated by this engine
extra_float_digits
not stated by this engine
database_collation
not stated by this engine
work_mem
not stated by this engine
hash_mem_multiplier
not stated by this engine

recorded beside them

sqlite_version
3.53.4
encoding
UTF-8
reverse_unordered_selects
0
query_only
1
journal_mode
delete
data_version
1
compile_options
ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=1,COMPILER=clang-21.0.0,DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM,DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=-2000,DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=4,DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=-1,DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=0,DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=20,DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS,DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=1000,DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=0,DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ,ENABLE_API_ARMOR,ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA,ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB,ENABLE_FTS3,ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS,ENABLE_FTS5,ENABLE_GEOPOLY,ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS,ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT,ENABLE_PERCENTILE,ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK,ENABLE_RTREE,ENABLE_SESSION,ENABLE_STAT4,ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY,MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=1024,MAX_ATTACHED=10,MAX_COLUMN=2000,MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=500,MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=8192,MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=1000,MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=1000,MAX_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=50000,MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0x7fff0000,MAX_PAGE_COUNT=0xfffffffe,MAX_PAGE_SIZE=65536,MAX_SQL_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=1000,MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=250000,MAX_VDBE_OP=250000000,MAX_WORKER_THREADS=8,MUTEX_PTHREADS,SYSTEM_MALLOC,TEMP_STORE=1,THREADSAFE=1,USE_URI
collation_list
RTRIM,NOCASE,BINARY
case_sensitive_like
0
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:085edf565758a574b3d3b1ca4ec041a55808be4833b19b4834bfea6cef00d2d0
source file sha256
rows in main.drivers
4
rows in main.results
7

second: evidence-second.json

SELECT T1.nationality FROM drivers AS T1 INNER JOIN results AS T2 ON T2.driverId = T1.driverId ORDER BY CAST(T2.fastestLapSpeed AS REAL) DESC LIMIT 1
statement read from
demo/predictions.json
digest
sha256:497ab56b10daa81359a51f3be419fe16e5b796b0cc33cb1aff6c24c9aa853780
origin
the run was told none

result_hash sha256:087054155a08b8125a54fb7239dacc2736758805fd0d93bef261dc0e8fd5c9e2 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:42c6eed46b250aaebb7ea0a6df2972a5a8c52c1f3ba1791a9854328ad6dc0bb5 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-second.json, 1 row

nationalityTEXT
Peruvian
what ran, and where
run
audit-4ee0ef94-344b-4457-bc1d-674990cb5d93
executed at
2026-09-08T03:39:02.043811+00:00
data as of
2026-09-08T03:39:02.035988+00:00
backend at checkout
SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632
backend that answered
SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632
database role
file
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:7ad58addc070b425cabfc9d67bbd9c95840253160cf3b73d672e9aeb4897f5ff
validator
audit:sqlglot-sqlite-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
30000 ms
rows
1 row
the session it ran under
engine
sqlite
time_zone
not stated by this engine
date_style
not stated by this engine
interval_style
not stated by this engine
extra_float_digits
not stated by this engine
database_collation
not stated by this engine
work_mem
not stated by this engine
hash_mem_multiplier
not stated by this engine

recorded beside them

sqlite_version
3.53.4
encoding
UTF-8
reverse_unordered_selects
0
query_only
1
journal_mode
delete
data_version
1
compile_options
ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=1,COMPILER=clang-21.0.0,DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM,DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=-2000,DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=4,DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=-1,DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=0,DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=20,DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS,DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=1000,DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=0,DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ,ENABLE_API_ARMOR,ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA,ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB,ENABLE_FTS3,ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS,ENABLE_FTS5,ENABLE_GEOPOLY,ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS,ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT,ENABLE_PERCENTILE,ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK,ENABLE_RTREE,ENABLE_SESSION,ENABLE_STAT4,ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY,MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=1024,MAX_ATTACHED=10,MAX_COLUMN=2000,MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=500,MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=8192,MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=1000,MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=1000,MAX_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=50000,MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0x7fff0000,MAX_PAGE_COUNT=0xfffffffe,MAX_PAGE_SIZE=65536,MAX_SQL_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=1000,MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=250000,MAX_VDBE_OP=250000000,MAX_WORKER_THREADS=8,MUTEX_PTHREADS,SYSTEM_MALLOC,TEMP_STORE=1,THREADSAFE=1,USE_URI
collation_list
RTRIM,NOCASE,BINARY
case_sensitive_like
0
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:085edf565758a574b3d3b1ca4ec041a55808be4833b19b4834bfea6cef00d2d0
source file sha256
rows in main.drivers
4
rows in main.results
7

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632 under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

second

re-run this statement read-only against SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632 under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

This question's run

run
audit-4ee0ef94-344b-4457-bc1d-674990cb5d93
server
SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/Users/hoangle/orca/workspaces/attestql/web-ui/build/site-sandbox/demo/fixture.sqlite | size=69632
question set
questions
replay rule
R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from