q82

R-ORD NOT_EQUAL arbitrary-cut not-a-function-of-the-data

california_schools · mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json

The question

What is the grade span offered in the school with the highest longitude?

the hint the set supplies: the highest longitude refers to the school with the maximum absolute longitude value.

NOT_EQUAL states that these two statements disagree on this data under this rule. It does not state which of them is wrong.

The statements

gold

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1
abs(longitude)
descending, nulls last

sha256:e5b05f6120040b20ed41b69bd57d43ab4c1aed13e703a7cf08ef042e19ea7d47

second

SELECT schools.gsoffered
FROM schools
WHERE schools.longitude = (SELECT MAX(ABS(longitude)) FROM schools)

this statement states no ordering of its own

sha256:02aaa42fc4c567244991cff160202ebf158c8ff9786886c24afa1e9a6bcda303

The marked tokens are where the two texts differ. Two statements that differ everywhere can return the same rows, and two that differ in one token can return other rows; the verdict above is read off the results.

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row, up to 25 shown per side

side gsofferedtext
gold K-8

in the prediction, not in gold, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side

side gsofferedtext
no rows

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 0

set(second_rows) == set(gold_rows), float4/float8 cells as Python float as psycopg2 returns them, numeric as Decimal

https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/blob/main/evaluation/evaluation_ex.py

gold_rows
1
second_rows
0
gold_distinct_rows
1
second_distinct_rows
0

the test-suite check: 0

result_eq: equal row counts and equal column counts, each row unordered as a quick rejection, then the two equal as a list when the gold text holds ORDER BY and as a multiset otherwise, under some permutation of the columns; DISTINCT is not stripped and re-executed, and the cells are PostgreSQL's as psycopg2 returns them

ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval, exec_eval.py, result_eq, at commit 48cb78ec: https://github.com/ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval/blob/48cb78ecf7f610620206283846c76751b18a1326/exec_eval.py

order_matters
true
gold_rows
1
second_rows
0
gold_columns
1
second_columns
1

the class: other

The class states what makes these two results unequal under this rule, read off the two results and nothing else. It does not state which of the two statements is wrong.

gold_types
["text"]
second_types
["text"]
multiset_equal
false
set_equal
false
order_equal
false
shorter_result_is_a_prefix
false

The results

gold, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

gsofferedtext
K-8
second, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows

gsofferedtext
no rows

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column

what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column",
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "abs(longitude)",
      "not_applicable": "the key is an expression and not a column"
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut fired

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

from smells.json, 2 rows

NULL null 124.28481
K-8 str 124.28481
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT gsoffered, abs(longitude) AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM schools ORDER BY abs(longitude) DESC NULLS LAST",
  "unbounded_rows": 17686,
  "projected_columns": [
    "gsoffered"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "abs(longitude)",
      "direction": "desc",
      "nulls": "last",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": false,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "tied_at_the_cut": {
    "positions": [
      0,
      1
    ],
    "tied_rows": 2,
    "distinct_projected_answers": 2,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "null",
          "value": null
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "K-8"
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "case": "tie-at-the-cut"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data fired

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

from smells.json, 1 row

NULL
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:e5b05f6120040b20ed41b69bd57d43ab4c1aed13e703a7cf08ef042e19ea7d47",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "gsoffered",
        "declared_type": "text"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "K-8"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:e5b05f6120040b20ed41b69bd57d43ab4c1aed13e703a7cf08ef042e19ea7d47"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {
    "schools": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:52.240861+00",
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    }
  },
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "schools"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "laptimes": 400524,
      "legalities": 427907,
      "posthistory": 303155,
      "trans": 1056320,
      "yearmonth": 383282
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "not_equal",
    "differs": true,
    "result_hash": "sha256:1b829aa0402048b9ccec3257a9a9e927eac486dca1c336deed2139fe0fc7f3da",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "gsoffered",
          "declared_type": "text"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "null",
            "value": null
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:1b829aa0402048b9ccec3257a9a9e927eac486dca1c336deed2139fe0fc7f3da"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1
statement read from
data/questions/mini_dev_postgresql.json
digest
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
origin
https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:e5b05f6120040b20ed41b69bd57d43ab4c1aed13e703a7cf08ef042e19ea7d47 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:3d3b791cbed05b017b39f93db009416a75db4fc882f4fee103ba7cbe62fa625b recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

gsofferedtext
K-8
what ran, and where
run
audit-a7e6b760-f8ad-479a-b956-9cd88ea91e18
executed at
2026-09-08T05:21:44.853208+00:00
data as of
2026-09-08T05:21:06.155844+00:00
backend at checkout
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role
auditor
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator
audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
120000 ms
rows
1 row
the session it ran under
engine
postgresql
time_zone
Etc/UTC
date_style
ISO, MDY
interval_style
postgres
extra_float_digits
1
database_collation
en_US.utf8
work_mem
4096
hash_mem_multiplier
2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout
0
search_path
"$user", public
server_version
16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num
160015
transaction_read_only
on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather
2
server_encoding
UTF8
datlocprovider
c
daticulocale
datcollversion
2.41
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:963c1162a015f21c6d18a54986e1b1822019b80a17de1cb3c10394c9ac75852c
source file sha256
sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.schools
17686

second: evidence-second.json

SELECT schools.gsoffered
FROM schools
WHERE schools.longitude = (SELECT MAX(ABS(longitude)) FROM schools)
statement read from
data/preds-pg/predict_mini_dev_gpt-35-turbo_postgresql.json
digest
sha256:fa363fe3c3fc45d97cb47e6ec15133b291acccd750e5136b6e7b4d1c8d13a4be
origin
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/b3d4bcbbae9a96934ad812551eb400c7a3b23c12/llm/exp_result/sql_output_kg/predict_mini_dev_gpt-35-turbo_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:02aaa42fc4c567244991cff160202ebf158c8ff9786886c24afa1e9a6bcda303 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:395337ccf9d3fa9849bc25e626bc3a5657e96ccc63a05c16d38e3c1623be20f2 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 0 rows

from evidence-second.json, 0 rows

gsofferedtext
no rows
what ran, and where
run
audit-a7e6b760-f8ad-479a-b956-9cd88ea91e18
executed at
2026-09-08T05:21:44.863878+00:00
data as of
2026-09-08T05:21:06.155844+00:00
backend at checkout
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role
auditor
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator
audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
120000 ms
rows
0 rows
the session it ran under
engine
postgresql
time_zone
Etc/UTC
date_style
ISO, MDY
interval_style
postgres
extra_float_digits
1
database_collation
en_US.utf8
work_mem
4096
hash_mem_multiplier
2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout
0
search_path
"$user", public
server_version
16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num
160015
transaction_read_only
on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather
2
server_encoding
UTF8
datlocprovider
c
daticulocale
datcollversion
2.41
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:963c1162a015f21c6d18a54986e1b1822019b80a17de1cb3c10394c9ac75852c
source file sha256
sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.schools
17686

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

second

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

This question's run

run
audit-a7e6b760-f8ad-479a-b956-9cd88ea91e18
server
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
question set
mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
replay rule
R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from